Efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre". Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus / Effectiveness of the educational program " Smiles from the womb". Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus

Fundamentación: En el período de gestación el organismo de la mujer sufre modificaciones, transformaciones fisiológicas y psicológicas, además de cambios en los tejidos bucales y cambios de conducta que pueden iniciar enfermedades bucodentales o agravar las ya establecidas. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre" en embarazadas del Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental, con diseño antes y después en el período de enero a junio del 2022, la población estuvo constituida por 20 embarazadas ingresadas en el Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta) y estadísticos. Se midió la variable conocimiento sobre salud bucodental. Resultados: Los conocimientos antes de la aplicación de programa educativo eran insuficientes (65 %), después de aplicado el programa educativo el 75 % de las embarazadas presentó conocimientos suficientes. Conclusiones: Al culminar la implementación del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre", se logró un nivel de conocimiento suficiente sobre salud bucodental en la tercera parte de las embarazadas de este hogar materno.

Background: During pregnancy, the women's body goes through many changes, physiological and psychological transformations, as well as changes in the oral cavity tissues and behavioral changes that may initiate oral diseases or aggravate the stablished ones. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program "Smile from the Womb" among pregnant women at the Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Methodology: A pre-experimental study with a before and after design was conducted from January to June 2022, the population consisted of 20 pregnant women hospitalized at Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Theoretical, empirical (survey) and statistical methods were used. The variable oral health knowledge was measured. Results: Before applying the educational program the knowledge was insufficient (65%), after applying the educational program 75% of pregnant women showed sufficient knowledge. Conclusions: By the end of the "Smile from the Womb" educational program, one third of the pregnant women in this maternity home had achieved a sufficient level of knowledge about oral and dental health.

Oral Health and related inequalities among visual impairment people in a Brazil municipality / Saúde bucal e desigualdades relacionadas entre pessoas com deficiência visual em um município brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the oral health and related factors among people with visual impairment in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive household study was carried out on a representative sample of people with visual impairments in a medium-sized city in Brazil. A clinical-dental examination was performed (evaluating tooth loss, caries, periodontal health, dental plaque use and need of prosthesis) and a semistructured questionnaire was applied, investigating the socioeconomic conditions (sex, age, marital status, skin color and income) and the use of dental services (reason, time since, and type of service used [private/public] in last dental visit). Descriptive and bivariate analysis were performed to asses the factors related to oral health. Results: The mean age of participants was 65 years (±15.05), with the majority women (70.9%). 53.1% of the interviewees were edentulous, but 58.2% had a good perception of oral health. The blind ones use less public services (p=0.038) and with a lower frequency (p=0.014) than subjects with low vision. Those with less schooling had higher tooth loss and lower periodontal problems (p <0.05). There was a reduction of dental plaque six months after the educational action (30.7%; p=0.01), especially among the low vision participants (p=0.01). Conclusion: Severe tooth loss and unsatisfactory hygiene contrast with self-perception of oral health. Visual acuity and schooling were related to access and oral health. Actions for promotion and equity are necessary to overcome the inequalities encountered.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal e fatores relacionados entre deficientes visuais em município do sudeste brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo domiciliar, transversal e descritivo em uma amostra representativa de pessoas com deficiência visual em uma cidade de médio porte do Brasil. Realizou-se o exame clínico bucal (avaliando perda dentária, cárie, saúde periodontal, placa dentária, uso e necessidade de prótese) e aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado, investigando as condições socioeconômicas (sexo, idade, estado civil, cor da pele e renda) e o uso de serviços odontológicos (motivo, tempo decorrido e tipo de serviço utilizado [privado/público] na última consulta odontológica). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas para avaliar os fatores associados à saúde bucal. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 65 anos (±15,05), com maioria de mulheres (70,9%). 53,1% dos entrevistados eram edêntulos, porém, 58,2% apresentaram percepção de saúde bucal boa. Os cegos usam menos os serviços públicos (p=0,038) e em menor frequência (p=0,014) que os sujeitos com baixa visão. Os menos escolarizados apresentam maiores perdas dentárias e menores problemas periodontais (p<0,05). Houve redução de placa dentária seis meses após ação educativa (30,7%; p=0,01), sobretudo entre os sujeitos com baixa visão (p=0,01). Conclusão: Elevada perda dentária e higienização insatisfatória contrastaram com autopercepção dos agravos bucais. Acuidade visual e escolaridade relacionaram-se ao acesso e saúde bucal. Ações de promoção e equidade são necessários para superar desigualdades encontradas.

Indicadores de saúde bucal e inserção no mercado de trabalho: estudo descritivo com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, Brasil, 2019 / Oral health indicators and job market insertion: a descriptive study with data from the National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Resumo Objetivo: descrever três indicadores de saúde bucal - as proporções de perda dentária, de consulta ao dentista e de frequência de escovação dentária - segundo o tipo de inserção na força de trabalho, no ano de 2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo realizado com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. Foram incluídos indivíduos empregados ou desempregados, com 18 anos ou mais. Foram calculados os indicadores de saúde bucal, assim como seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 54.343 trabalhadores, sendo 29.889 (53,9%) do sexo masculino. A proporção de perda de 13 ou mais dentes foi maior no setor informal [10,5% (IC95%: 9,8;11,2)]. A proporção de pessoas que não consultaram um dentista nos últimos 12 meses foi maior no setor informal [51,9% (IC95%: 50,8;53,0)] e entre os desempregados [52,4% (IC95%: 49,6;55,2)]. Menor frequência de escovação dentária foi observada no grupo com vínculo informal de emprego [5,2% (IC95%: 4,7;5,6)] e entre indivíduos do sexo masculino [7,5% (IC95%: 6,8;8,2)]. Conclusão: piores indicadores foram encontrados entre os trabalhadores do setor informal ou desempregados e foram observadas desigualdades entre os sexos.

Abstract Objective: to describe three oral health indicators-the proportions of tooth loss, dental visits, and toothbrushing frequency-according to job market insertion in 2019. Methods: a descriptive study with data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS). We included individuals aged from 18 years or older, irrespective of employment status. We calculated the oral health indicators, as well as their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: the sample was composed by 54,343 workers, 29,889 (53.9%) being male. The proportion of 13 or more teeth loss was higher in the informal employment sector [10.5% (95%CI: 9.8;11.2)]. The proportion of people that did not consult a dentist in the previous 12 months was higher in the informal sector [51.9% (95%CI: 50.8;53.0)] and among unemployed [52.4% (95%CI: 49.6;55.2)]. Lower toothbrushing frequency was observed in the informal workers' group [5.2% (95%CI: 4.7;5.6)] and among male workers [7.5% (95%CI: 6.8;8.2)]. Conclusion: worse oral health indicators were found among informal and unemployed workers, in addition to gender inequalities.

Fatores associados à autoavaliação de saúde bucal por adultos em hemodiálise / Factors associated with self-rated oral health in adults with hemodialysis

Resumo Introdução Pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica podem apresentar prejuízos em sua saúde bucal em decorrência da própria doença, do tratamento e das alterações de estilo de vida associadas. Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim entre adultos com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise. Método Estudo transversal com 243 adultos submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital do sul de Minas Gerais nos anos de 2013 e 2014. O desfecho foi avaliado pelo autorrelato da condição bucal dicotomizada em boa (ótima/boa) e ruim (regular/ruim/péssima). As variáveis independentes incluíram condições sociodemográficas, saúde geral, saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos, a partir de informações coletadas por meio de questionário. A associação entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes foi testada por meio de modelos logísticos múltiplos com inclusão hierarquizada de variáveis. Resultados A prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim foi de 35,4%. Os mais jovens (p = 0,015), os que se submetem à hemodiálise há menos tempo (p = 0,016), têm halitose (p <0,001), necessitam de tratamento odontológico (p <0,001) e tiveram a última consulta odontológica por motivo diferente de dor (p = 0,027) expressaram maiores chances de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim, independentemente de condições sociodemográficas e de saúde. Conclusão Condições sociodemográficas, tempo em hemodiálise, agravos à saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos influenciaram a autoavaliação da saúde bucal dos adultos submetidos à hemodiálise.

Abstract Background Patients with chronic renal failure may have their oral health impaired as a result of the disease itself, its treatment, and its associated lifestyle alterations. Objective To assess the factors associated with poor self-rated oral health among adults with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. Method This is a cross-sectional study with 243 adults undergoing hemodialysis in a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil in 2013-2014. The outcome was assessed by the self-report of oral health categorized into good (excellent/good) and bad (fair/bad / very bad). The independent variables included sociodemographic conditions, general health, oral health, and the use of dental services were collected through a structured questionnaire. The association between the outcome and the independent variables was tested using multiple logistic models with hierarchical inclusion of variables. Results The prevalence of poor self-rated oral health was 35.4%. The youngest (p = 0.015), those who have undergone hemodialysis in the shortest time (p = 0.016), have halitosis (p <0.001), need dental treatment (p <0.001), and had their last dental appointment not for pain (p = 0.027) expressed higher odds of poor self-rated oral health, independently of sociodemographic and health conditions. Conclusion Sociodemographic conditions, time on hemodialysis, oral impairments, and use of dental services affected the oral health self-assessment among adults undergoing hemodialysis.

Utilização de serviços odontológicos por pacientes em tratamento oncológico / Use of dental services by patients in oncological treatment

Introdução: a busca por atendimento odontológico é um parâmetro importante para averiguar como os indivíduos compreendem a saúde bucal. Objetivo: avaliar a utilização de serviços odontológicos e fatores associados em pacientes oncológicos em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Material e método: estudo transversal, realizado com uma amostra de 441 pacientes adultos frequentadores de uma associação voluntária de apoio a pacientes oncológicos no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio do autorrelato de consulta odontológica no último ano. As variáveis independentes incluíram condições socioeconômicas, saúde geral e relacionada ao câncer, saúde bucal e cuidados odontológicos. As associações entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes foram testadas por meio de regressão logística bivariada e múltipla, sendo os resultados expressos por meio de odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultado: a prevalência de consulta odontológica no último ano foi de 33,3%. Os indivíduos que possuem entre quatro e sete (OR: 1,80; IC95%: 1,02-3,18) e aqueles com oito ou mais anos de estudo (OR: 3,20; IC95%: 1,07-9,60) apresentaram maiores, enquanto os edêntulos (OR: 0,44; IC95%: 0,21-0,92) apresentaram menores chances de consulta odontológica no último ano, independentemente de condições socioeconômicas, saúde geral e saúde bucal. Conclusão: foi baixa a procura por consulta odontológica no último ano entre os pacientes oncológicos. Além disso, houve desigualdades relacionadas à escolaridade e ao número de dentes remanescentes na utilização dos serviços. A identificação e priorização dos grupos com acesso desfavorável aos serviços são fundamentais no planejamento da prestação de cuidados odontológicos a essa população.

Introduction: the search for dental care is an important parameter to determine how individuals understand the oral health. Objective: to evaluate the use of dental services and associated factors in cancer patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Material and method: a cross-sectional study carried out with a sample of 441 adult patients attending a voluntary association to support cancer patients in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The outcome was assessed through self-report of dental appointments in the last year. Independent variables included socioeconomic status, general and cancer-related health, oral health, and dental care. The associations between the outcome and the independent variables were tested using bivariate and multiple logistic regression, and the results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Result: the prevalence of dental appointments in the last year was 33.3%. Individuals who have between four and seven (OR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.02-3.18) and those who have eight or more years of schooling (OR: 3.20; 95%CI: 1.07-9 .60) had greater, whereas, the edentulous (OR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.21-0.92) had less odds to have had a dental appointment in the last year, independently of socioeconomic status, general health and oral health conditions. Conclusion: recent dental care was uncommon among cancer patients. Furthermore, there were inequalities related to schooling and the number of remaining teeth in the use of services. The identification and prioritization of groups with unfavorable access to services are fundamental in planning the provision of dental care to this population.

Exposição Ocupacional a Produtos Químicos e Autoavaliação da Saúde Bucal: Resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 / OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES AND SELF-ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HEALTH: RESULTS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2013

A exposição a produtos químicos no ambiente laboral tem sido associada a condições bucais. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a associação entre manuseio de produtos químicos e autoavaliação da saúde bucal em uma amostra de trabalhadores brasileiros. Estudo transversal utilizou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), realizada em 2013, no Brasil. A amostra de 36.442 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos e idade ≥ 18 anos. Foram descritas características socioeconômicas, demográficas, ocupacionais, hábitos de vida e situação de saúde. Para a percepção da saúde bucal foi considerada a variável de desfecho. Para a exposição ocupacional a produtos químicos, a variável explicativa. Análises bivariadas e multivariadas foram desenvolvidas por meio do programa estatístico Stata versão 12.0. Idade, raça/cor e região de residência estavam significativamente associadas à maior prevalência de autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal. Maior prevalência de autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal entre os indivíduos expostos a produtos químicos (RP=1,15[1,10-1,21] para sexo masculino e RP=1,23[1,16-1,31] para o sexo feminino). Essas associações permaneceram significativas no modelo multivariado para ambos os sexos. Concluiu-se que existe maior prevalência de percepção negativa da saúde bucal entre os trabalhadores expostos ao manuseio de produtos químicos no ambiente laboral.

Exposure to chemicals in the work environment has been associated with oral conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the association between handling chemical products and self-rated oral health in a sample of Brazilian workers. A cross-sectional study used data from the National Health Survey (PNS), carried out in 2013, in Brazil. The sample consisted of 36,442 workers of both sexes and aged ≥ 18 years. Socioeconomic, demographic, occupational, lifestyle and health status characteristics were described. For the perception of oral health, the outcome variable was considered. For occupational exposure to chemicals, the explanatory variable. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were developed using the Stata version 12.0 statistical program. Age, race/color and region of residence were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of negative self- rated oral health. Higher prevalence of negative self-assessment of oral health among individuals exposed to chemical products (PR=1.15[1.10-1.21] for males and PR=1.23[1.16-1.31] for the women). These associations remained significant in the multivariate model for both sexes. In conclusion, there is a higher prevalence of negative perception of oral health among workers exposed to handling chemical products in the workplace.

Implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal e sua influência sobre a morbidade bucal em capitais brasileiras na primeira década do século XXI / Implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy and its influence on oral health conditions in Brazilian state capitals in the first decade of the 21st century / Implantación de la Política Nacional de Salud Bucal y su influencia sobre la morbilidad bucal en capitales brasileñas durante la primera década del siglo XXI

Objetivou-se analisar estratégias de implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB) e sua possível influência sobre a morbidade bucal em capitais do Brasil na primeira década do século XXI. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliação de políticas. Os dados de morbidade bucal foram obtidos nos bancos das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde Bucal em 2003 e 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 e SBBrasil 2010), sendo calculada a modificação percentual anual de variáveis relativas às condições de saúde bucal como variáveis dependentes para as capitais brasileiras. A PNSB foi investigada relativamente às suas bases conceituais: modelo de atenção em saúde bucal, organização da oferta de serviços de saúde bucal, implementação de estratégias de promoção da saúde bucal e existência de fluoretação nas águas de abastecimento público. Para isso, foram utilizados dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde nacionais e aplicação de questionário face a face com coordenadores de saúde bucal de 13 capitais selecionadas. As análises foram controladas e ajustadas pelas condições socioeconômicas da população investigada. Observou-se uma associação entre as características de promoção de saúde bucal, da oferta de serviços e do modelo de atenção, o que representa que a dinâmica dos serviços públicos é dependente das prioridades de gestão e da condução da política. Conclui-se que a PNSB é implementada de forma diferente nas capitais brasileiras e o modo de condução de suas diretrizes, em cada capital, favorece ou não o desenvolvimento de melhores práticas e estratégias na atenção à saúde bucal. Contudo, a influência da PNSB sobre a modificação nos indicadores de saúde bucal entre 2003 e 2010 ainda é pouco clara.

The study aimed to analyze strategies for the implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy (PNSB) and its influence on oral health conditions in state capitals in the first decade of the 21st century. This is a policy assessment study. Data on oral health conditions were obtained from the databases of the Brazilian National Oral Health Surveys in 2003 and 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 and SBBrasil 2010), calculating the annual percent change in variables pertaining to oral health conditions as dependent variables for Brazilian state capitals. The PNSB was analyzed according to its conceptual foundations: oral healthcare model, organization of the supply of oral health services, implementation of oral health promotion strategies, and existence of fluoridation of the public water supply. Data were obtained from the national health databases and face-to-face interviews with oral health coordinators in 13 state capitals. The analyses were controlled and adjusted by the target population's socioeconomic conditions. An association was observed between the characteristics of oral health promotion, services supply, and model of care, indicating that the public services' dynamic is dependent on the management priorities and the policy's conduction. In conclusion, the PNSB is implemented differently in Brazil's state capitals according to the ways its guidelines are conducted in each capital and whether it favors best practices and strategies in oral healthcare. However, the influence of the PNSB is still not clear on the modification of oral health indicators from 2003 to 2010.

El objetivo fue analizar estrategias de implantación de la Política Nacional de Salud Bucal (PNSB) y su posible influencia sobre la morbilidad bucal en capitales de Brasil, durante la primera década del siglo XXI. Se trata de un estudio de evaluación de políticas. Los datos de morbilidad bucal se obtuvieron en los bancos de datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud Bucal en 2003 y 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 y SBBrasil 2010), calculándose la modificación del porcentaje anual de variables relacionadas con las condiciones de salud bucal, como variables dependientes para las capitales brasileñas. Se investigó la PNSB respecto a sus bases conceptuales: modelo de atención en salud bucal, organización de la oferta de servicios de salud bucal, implementación de estrategias de promoción de la salud bucal y existencia de fluoración en las aguas de abastecimiento público. Para eso, se utilizaron datos de los sistemas de información en salud nacionales y la aplicación de un cuestionario cara a cara con coordinadores de salud bucal de 13 capitales seleccionadas. Se controlaron los análisis y se ajustaron por las condiciones socioeconómicas de la población investigada. Se observó una asociación entre las características de promoción de salud bucal, oferta de servicios y modelo de atención, lo que indica que la dinámica de los servicios públicos es dependiente de las prioridades de gestión, así como de su dirección de la política. Se concluye que la PNSB se implementa de forma diferente en las capitales brasileñas, y la forma en la que se implementan sus directrices, en cada capital, favorece o no el desarrollo de mejores prácticas y estrategias de atención en salud bucal. No obstante, la influencia de la PNSB sobre la modificación de los indicadores en salud bucal entre 2003 y 2010 todavía es poco clara.

Detection of Oral Entamoeba Gingivalis and Trichomonas Tenax in Adult Quilombola Population with Periodontal Disease / Detección de Entamoeba Gingivalis oral y Trichomonas Tenax en población de quilombola adulta con enfermedad periodontal

Abstract: The objective was to analyze the periodontal condition severity and the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity of an adult population of an Afrodescent Community of northeastern Brazil. This is an observational and cross- sectional study performed through an oral clinical examination, using a standardized clinical record. For the subjects with periodontal disease, the bacterial biofilm was collected in a Petri dish containing 0.9% physiological solution to detect the presence of microorganisms Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, and later observed under an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the prevalence of periodontal disease and the frequency of the protozoa in the bacterial biofilm. Statistical significance of the relationships researched was verified by Fisher's exact test. It was evaluated 29 subjects pertaining to the Quilombola Patioba community, aged 35 to 44 years. The results showed that among the adults of the community, there was a high prevalence of periodontal disease (75.86%), being higher in the 1st and 6th sextants of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). E. gingivalis positivity occurred in most sextants affected by gingivitis, while in the condition of periodontitis, this microorganism was not present in the 3rd, 4th and 6th sextants. In all sextants affected by periodontal disease, T. Tenax was observed when associated with gingivitis. It is worth mentioning the begging of the elaboration of health policies, social and professional commitment that foster a greater promotion of oral health and quality of life for the quilombolas of northeastern Brazil.

Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar la severidad de la condición periodontal y la aparición de microorganismos patógenos en la cavidad oral de una población adulta de una comunidad afrodescente del noreste de Brasil. Este es un estudio observacional y transversal realizado a través de un examen clínico oral, utilizando un registro clínico estandarizado. Para los sujetos con enfermedad periodontal, la biopelícula bacteriana se recogió en una placa de Petri que contenía una solución fisiológica al 0,9% para detectar la presencia de microorganismos Entamoeba gingivalis y Trichomonas tenax, y luego se observó bajo un microscopio óptico. El análisis estadístico se realizó calculando la prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal y la frecuencia de los protozoos en la biopelícula bacteriana. La significación estadística de las relaciones investigadas se verificó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se evaluaron 29 sujetos pertenecientes a la comunidad Quilombola Patioba, de 35 a 44 años. Los resultados mostraron que entre los adultos de la comunidad, hubo una alta prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal (75.86%), siendo mayor en el sexto sexto y sexto del Índice periodontal comunitario (IPC). La positividad de E. gingivalis se produjo en la mayoría de los sextantes afectados por gingivitis, mientras que en la condición de periodontitis, este microorganismo no estaba presente en los sextantes tercero, cuarto y sexto. En todos los sextantes afectados por enfermedad periodontal, se observó T. Tenax cuando se asoció con gingivitis. Vale la pena mencionar el inicio de la elaboración de políticas de salud, compromiso social y profesional que promuevan una mayor promoción de la salud oral y la calidad de vida de las quilombolas del noreste de Brasil.

Oral health-related quality of life among 12-year-olds: results from SB-Minas Gerais

Aim: To assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and associated factors among the 12-year-old population of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the SB-Minas Gerais 2012 study were used. The presence of poor OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) and its dimensions (physical, psychological and social domains). Independent variables included sociodemographic factors and variables related to the use of dental care and oral health conditions. The association between the outcomes and the independent variables were tested using logistic regression and the results reported as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: Prevalence of poor OHRQoL was 31.4%; the psychological domain was the most affected (22.6%). Pain and dissatisfaction with oral health were associated with poor OHRQoL on overall OIDP and all its domains. Non-whites had greater poor OHRQoL than whites on overall OIDP and physical domain. Conclusion: Self-perceived oral health and social inequalities were associated with poor OHRQoL

Disparities in Caries Experience and Socio-Behavioural Risk Indicators Among Private School Children in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence and socio-behavioural risk factors for dental caries among children at selected LGAs in Lagos State. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study of 592 school children in four Local Government Areas of Lagos, Nigeria. The presence of caries was recorded using the World Health Organization criteria. Descriptive statistics were reported for analysis of comparative DMFT and SiC scores in relation to age, gender, and other socio-demographic variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the differential impact of the variables on the probability of being in the high caries prevalence group. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was 16.0% with mean dmft for age 6 being 1.3 ± 1.57 while the mean DMFT for age 12 was 0.15 ± 0.67. The mean Sic for age 6 was 1.5 ± 0.53 while the mean SiC for age 12 was 1.09 ± 0.29. The mean SiC values was significantly higher in the primary and permanent dentition among those who had never visited the dentist, female students, those who don't use fluoridated toothpaste and those who eat sweets and candy several times a day. After logistic regression analysis, those with no previous dental visit (OR=3.05; CI: 1.72-4.67) and females (OR=1.55; CI: 1.16-1.62) still had significantly higher SiC Values. Conclusion: The prevalence of caries was low in the study population. Being female, non-use of fluoride-containing toothpaste and not visiting the dentist were significant predictors of dental caries among children attending private schools.

Oral Hygiene and Dental Caries Status on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the oral hygiene and dental caries status on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, also it's with SLE disease activity. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on 93 SLE patients from 2017 to 2019 on Saiful Anwar Hospital Indonesia. All SLE patients had clinical examination using DMF-T, Personal Hygiene Performance-Modified (PHP-M), Calculus Index (CI), Debris Index (DI), Plaque Index (PI) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Clinical examination and laboratory tests are conducted to assess the activity of SLE measured using. The data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test. Results: A total of 74% of subjects with SLE had dental caries. PHP-M with SLE severity was found significant (p<0.001) and a strong positive correlation (r=0.982). Plaque with SLE severity was found significant (p=0.001) and a strong positive correlation (r=0.938). OHI-S with SLE severity was found significant (p<0.001) and a strong positive correlation (r=0.953). DMF-T levels with SLE severity was found significant (p=0.001) and a strong positive correlation (r=0.974). It showed that the severity of disease activity was related to poor oral hygiene and a high incidence of dental caries. Conclusion: There is a correlation between oral hygiene, dental caries and SLE severity.

Association Between Psychosocial Status and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Indonesian High School Students

Abstract Objective: To determine whether psychosocial status is associated with orthodontic treatment needs in high school students using the Psychosocial Impact of the Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and the Index of Orthodontic Need (IOTN). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 95 adolescents, both genders, aged 15-17 years old. PIDAQ was used to assess psychosocial status. The IOTN Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC) and the IOTN Dental Health Component (DHC) was used to assess treatment needs. Examination of the oral cavity was carried out with the help of the IOTN ruler by observing the MOCDO components: missing teeth, overjet, crossbite, displacement, and overbite. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association of psychosocial status and orthodontic treatment need. The reliability test was carried out by using Cronbach's Alpha test (0.978). Results: There was an association between psychosocial status and orthodontic treatment need based on the IOTN-AC (p=0.001) and between psychosocial status and orthodontic treatment need based on the IOTN-DHC (p=0.140). Conclusion: There is an association between psychosocial status based on the PIDAQ and subjective orthodontic treatment need based on the IOTN-AC, but there is no association between psychosocial status based on the PIDAQ and objective orthodontic treatment need based on the IOTN-DHC in students of SMAN 27 Jakarta.

Dental caries experience and associated factors in 12-year-old-children: a population based-study

Abstract Relevant public policies in oral health have been implemented in Brazil since 2004. Changes in the epidemiological status of dental caries are expected, mainly in the child population. This study aimed to assess the dental caries experience and associated factors among 12-year-old children in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with data obtained from 415 cities, including a total of 26,325 schoolchildren who were included by the double-stage cluster technique, by lot and by systematic sampling. The statistical model included data from the São Paulo Oral Health Survey (SBSP 2015), the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). A theoretical-conceptual model categorized the variables into three blocks, namely, contextual (HDI, SVI, region of residence and fluoridation of water), individual (sex and ethnicity) and periodontal conditions (gingival bleeding, dental calculus and the presence of periodontal pockets), for association with the experience of caries (DMFT). Statistically significant associations were verified by hierarchical multivariate logistic (L) and Poisson (P) regression analyses (p < 0.05). The results showed that 57.7% of 12-year-old children had caries experience. Factors that determined a greater prevalence of dental caries in both models were nonwhite ethnicity (ORL = 1.113, ORP = 1.154) and the presence of gingival bleeding (ORL = 1.204, ORP = 1.255). Male children (ORL = 0.920 ORP = 0.859) and higher HDI (ORL = 0.022), ORP = 0.040) were associated with a lower prevalence of dental caries experience. Water fluoridation was associated with a lower DMFT index (ORP = 0.766). Dental caries experience is still associated with social inequalities at different levels. Policymakers should direct interventions towards reducing inequalities and the prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old children.

Sampling strategy of an epidemiological survey using a satellite image program

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the sampling strategy of an epidemiological survey with the aid of satellite images, including details of the multistage probability sampling process. METHODS A probability sample of individuals living in the rural area of Rosário do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aged 15 years old or more, was evaluated. Participants answered questionnaires (medical history, sociodemographic characteristics, habits, alcohol use, quality of life, stress, rumination, and self-perceived periodontal diseases), and were subjected to clinical oral examinations as well as anthropometric measurements (blood pressure, height, weight, abdominal and waist circumferences). Oral evaluation comprehended a complete periodontal exam at six sites per tooth, including the following assessments: furcation involvement; dental abrasion; tooth decay, including the indexing of missing and filled surfaces; O'Brien index; gingival abrasion; oral cavity and lip lesions; complete periapical radiographic exam, and use of prostheses. Besides this oral clinical approach, subgingival plaque, crevicular gingival fluid, saliva, and blood samples were collected. Examiners were trained and calibrated during previous evaluations. A pilot study allowed the logistic of the performed exams to be adjusted as needed. RESULTS Among 1,087 eligible individuals, 688 were examined (63.3%). Age, sex, and skin color data were compared to data from the last demographic census (2010) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, which served to validate the sampling strategy. CONCLUSIONS The careful methods used in this study, in which satellite images were used in the delimitation of epidemiological areas, ensure the quality of the estimates obtained and allow for these estimates to be used in oral health surveillance and health policies improvements.

Threshold-effect of income on periodontitis and interactions with race/ethnicity and education / Efeito limiar de renda na periodontite e interações com raça/etnia e educação

ABSTRACT: Objectives: The aims of this study were to explore the shape of the relationship of income and education with periodontal health, and to assess the interactions between them and race/ethnicity. Method: Individual level data from the Brazilian National Oral Health Survey in 2010 (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal-SB Brasil 2010) were obtained for 9,779 subjects. Relations between per capita income and education with periodontal health were smoothed using Locally Weighted Scatter-plot Smoother (Lowess) technique. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess independent effects of income, education, race/ethnicity adjusted for age, sex and time since last dental appointment. Results: Prevalence of adults with moderate to severe and severe periodontitis was 17.6 and 6.5%, respectively. The relationship between periodontal health and income was curvilinear, showing a threshold of no relationship for income levels higher than US$ 600/month. In multivariable analysis, after controlling for covariates, only income was significantly associated with periodontal health. There was no significant interaction of income with race or education, neither between race and education. Conclusion: The relation between periodontal health and income was curvilinear and indicated the presence of a threshold, supporting income transfer programs. Beyond the threshold, only education presented a negative linear relationship with moderate to severe periodontitis.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram explorar a relação entre renda e educação com doença periodontal e avaliar a interação entre eles e raça/etnia. Método: Dados individuais do inquérito epidemiológico de saúde bucal da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SB Brasil 2010) foram obtidos para 9.779 indivíduos. A relação entre renda per capita e educação com saúde periodontal foi suavizada usando técnica de Locally Weighted Scatter-plot Smoother (LOWESS). Utilizou-se regressão logística multivariável para avaliar os efeitos independentes de sexo, idade, renda, educação, raça/etnia, posse de bens, última visita ao dentista e número de pessoas por dormitório. Resultados: A prevalência de adultos com doença periodontal moderada e grave foi de 17,6 e 6,5%, respectivamente. A relação entre saúde periodontal e renda foi curvilínea, com limiar de R$ 1.050/mensais, a partir do qual não havia relação entre as variáveis. Na análise multivariavel, após ajuste por covariadas, apenas renda estava associada significativamente com saúde periodontal. Não foram encontradas interações significantes entre renda e educação ou raça/etnia, nem entre educação com raça/etnia. Conclusões: A relação entre saúde periodontal e renda foi curvilínea com a presença de efeito de limar, dando suporte para programas de transferência de renda. Além do limiar, apenas educação mostrou associação linear negativa com periodontite moderada a severa.

Factores sociodemográficos y culturales asociados a los hábitos de salud bucal en individuos adultos / Sociodemographic and cultural factors associated with the oral health habits of adults

Objetivos: Describir los hábitos de higiene bucal de personas adultas (35 a 44 años) de la ciudad de Corrientes y determinar la influencia de variables sociodemográficas y culturales en dichos hábitos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de base poblacional. La información sobre las variables de estudio se recopiló mediante una encuesta domiciliaria (2013). Se estableció el tamaño de la muestra con un nivel de confianza del 95% (381 individuos). Se aplicó un diseño muestral polietápico. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos de salud bucodental resultó ser un predictor significativo del hábito de cepillado dental después de cada comida y junto con el nivel socioeconómico son un predictor significativo de la práctica de renovar el cepillo dental cada 3 meses. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al sexo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo pueden ser utilizados en el diseño de programas de salud oral que contemplen los determinantes socioculturales del proceso salud-enfermedad.

Objectives: To describe the habits of oral hygiene presented the adult population (35- 44 years) of the City of Corrientes and to establish the influence of sociodemographic and cultural variables on these habits. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. Information concerning the study variables was collected through an in-home survey (2013). The sample size was determined by establishing a confidence level of 95% (381 subjects). A simple random sampling design was applied, which was complemented with a non-probability quota sampling. Results: The level of oral health knowledge proved to be a significant predictor of the dental brushing habit after each meal and along with the socioeconomic level are significant predictors of the practice of renewing the toothbrush every 3 months. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to sex. Conclusions: the results of this work can be used for the design and implementation of oral health programs that contemplate the socio-cultural determinants of the health-disease process.

A atuação da Odontologia em unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil / The practice of dentistry in intensive care units in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a atuação odontológica em unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo observacional de enquete, por meio do envio de questionários via plataforma on-line de colaboração de pesquisa em terapia intensiva no Brasil (AMIBnet). A pesquisa foi realizada de junho a outubro de 2017. Os questionários, envolvendo 26 questões fechadas sobre os hospitais e a atuação odontológica nas unidades de terapia intensiva foram enviados para 4.569 profissionais de diversas especialidades atuantes nas unidades. Resultados: Obtivemos 203 questionários respondidos, resultando em uma taxa de resposta de 4,44%. A maior parte das respostas teve origem em unidades de terapia intensiva na Região Sudeste do país (46,8%). Hospitais públicos (37,9%) e privados (36,4%) tiveram participação semelhante nos resultados. Dos respondentes, 55% apontaram que um serviço de Odontologia à beira de leito estava presente, sendo prestado de maneiras diversas. Conclusão: Presença de Serviço de Odontologia e de treinamentos e protocolos de prestação de serviço em saúde bucal estiveram correlacionados. Os métodos de cuidados orais variaram sobremaneira entre as em unidades de terapia intensiva pesquisadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the practice of dentistry in intensive care units. Methods: An observational survey study was conducted in which questionnaires were sent via the online platform for collaboration in intensive care research in Brazil (AMIBnet). The study was carried out from June to October 2017. The questionnaires, which contained 26 closed questions about hospitals and dentistry practices in the intensive care units, were sent to 4,569 professionals from different specialties practicing in the units. Results: In total, 203 questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 4.44%. Most of the responses were from intensive care units in the Southeast region of the country (46.8%). Public hospitals (37.9%) and private hospitals (36.4%) had similar participation rates. Of the respondents, 55% indicated that a bedside dentistry service was present, and they were provided in different ways. Conclusion: The presence of dentistry services and oral health service delivery training and protocols were correlated. The oral care methods varied greatly among the intensive care units surveyed.

Fatores associados às necessidades de tratamento odontológico em idosos brasileiros: uma análise multinível / Factors associated with the need for oral treatment of elderly Brazilians: a multilevel analysis

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivos estimar a prevalência da necessidade de prótese e tratamento dental em idosos brasileiros, e verificar a associação entre essas necessidades e fatores contextuais e individuais. Realizou-se estudo com dados (n = 7.619) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal - SB Brasil 2010. Modelos de regressão logística multinível foram utilizados para estimar odds ratio e intervalos de 95% de confiança entre as necessidades de tratamento e as variáveis contextuais (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, Coeficiente de Gini e cobertura de saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família) e individuais (sexo, renda, escolaridade e cor da pele). Para a necessidade de tratamento dental, ser homem, apresentar menor escolaridade, menor renda, cor da pele autorrelatada como não branca e residir em municípios com menor IDH -M foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de os indivíduos necessitarem de tratamento; para a necessidade de prótese, a cor da pele autorreferida como não branca, menor renda e menor escolaridade também aumentaram as chances dos idosos necessitarem de prótese. Os resultados indicaram associação entre as necessidades de tratamento e determinantes individuais e contextuais.

Abstract The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of prosthetic requirements and dental treatment needs among the elderly Brazilian population and the associations with contextual and individual determinants. Data were taken from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SB Brasil 2010) and a sample of 7,619 Brazilian people aged 65-74 years were investigated. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals between treatment needs and contextual variables (Municipal Human Development Index, Gini coefficient and oral health coverage in the Family Health Strategy) and individual (gender, income, education and skin color). The prevalence of treatment need ranged from municipalities (p < 0.05). Of the individual variables, gender was associated with dental treatment need (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31); lower education and non-white skin were risk factors (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31 and OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.43); the non-white skin color represented a risk factor (OR = 1.83; 95% CI 1,38- 2,42) and for the need for prosthesis income was a protection factor (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0, 30-.51). The results showed an association between the individual factors and treatment needs.

Fatores associados à autopercepção da necessidade de tratamento odontológico e de prótese em idosos brasileiros / Factors behind self-perceived need for dental treatment and prosthesis in Brazilian elderly people

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar fatores individuais e contextuais associados à autopercepção da necessidade de tratamento odontológico e de prótese em idosos brasileiros. Foram utilizados dados secundários de 7.619 indivíduos idosos do levantamento epidemiológico SB Brasil 2010. As associações entre as variáveis dependentes e os fatores individuais e contextuais foram estimadas através da razão de chances (odds ratio - OR) e intervalo de confiança de 95%, obtidas por regressão logística multinível. Dos idosos avaliados pelo SB Brasil 2010, 3.848 (50,5%) afirmaram necessitar de tratamento odontológico e 4.236 (55,6%) acreditavam necessitar de prótese. Os resultados da regressão logística multinível mostraram que sexo, cor da pele autorreferida, renda e cobertura pelas equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família estiveram associados à autopercepção. O presente trabalho evidenciou maior influência de fatores individuais na autopercepção da necessidade de tratamento odontológico e de prótese entre idosos brasileiros. Essas informações podem auxiliar na identificação de desigualdades que afetam essa parcela da população e na definição de prioridades para o planejamento dos serviços de saúde.

Abstract The scope of this study was to identify individual and contextual factors associated with the self-perceived need for dental treatment and for prostheses among elderly Brazilians. An analysis was performed with data from the SB Brazil 2010 epidemiological survey conducted by the Ministry of Health with a sample of 7,619 elderly individuals. Multilevel logistic regression models of mixed random and fixed effects were used to the estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between the dependent variables and individual and contextual factors. Of the individuals assessed, 3,848 (50.5%) reported a need for dental treatment and 4,236 (55.6%) believed they have the need for prostheses. The results of multilevel logistic regression showed that gender, self-reported skin color, income and coverage by the oral health teams in the Family Health Program were associated with self-perception. This study revealed a greater influence of individual factors on the self-perceived need for dental treatment and prostheses by elderly Brazilians. This information can help to identify the inequalities that affect this population group and in setting priorities for the planning of health services.

Factors influencing the impact of oral health on the daily activities of adolescents, adults and older adults / Fatores que influenciam o impacto da saúde bucal nas atividades diárias de adolescentes, adultos e idosos

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze if clinical, sociodemographic and access to dental services variables influence the impact of oral health on the daily activities of adolescents, adults and older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with secondary data from the State Oral Health Survey (SB São Paulo 2015) conducted in 163 cities of São Paulo. A total of 17,560 individuals from three age groups: 15-19-year-old (n = 5,558), 35-44-year-old (n = 6,051), and older people of 65 years or more (n = 5,951) participated in the survey. The selection was made by probabilistic sample by conglomerates in two stages. The endpoint variable was the impact of oral health on daily activities, evaluated by the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances questionnaire, containing questions about eating, talking, oral hygiene, relaxation, sports practice, smile, study or work, social contact, and sleep. Oral Impacts on Daily Performances was dichotomized with and without impact. The independent variables were sociodemographic, clinical and access variables, divided into three blocks. A hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis was performed considering the complex sampling plan of clusters. Each observation received a specific weight, depending on the location that resulted in weighted frequencies and adjusted for the design effect. RESULTS: The presence of oral health impact was observed in 27.9% of the individuals. In block 1, female gender and black/brown ethnic group had a greater chance of impact of oral health on quality of life, as well as the adults and the older adults in relation to adolescents. In block 2, family income up to R$1,500 was associated with the presence of impact. In block 3, individuals who reported toothache, used the public service and sought dental treatment had a greater chance of impact. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic, clinical and access to health services variables influence the impact of oral health on the daily activities of adolescents, adults and older adults.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar se variáveis clínicas, sociodemográficas e de acesso aos serviços odontológicos influenciam o impacto da saúde bucal nas atividades diárias de adolescentes, adultos e idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados secundários da Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal (SB São Paulo 2015) realizada em 163 municípios de São Paulo. Participaram do inquérito 17.560 indivíduos de três grupos etários: adolescentes de 15-19 anos (n = 5.558), adultos de 35-44 anos (n = 6.051) e idosos de 65 anos ou mais (n = 5.951). A seleção foi feita por amostra probabilística por conglomerados em dois estágios. A variável desfecho foi o impacto da saúde bucal sobre as atividades diárias, avaliado pelo questionário Oral Impacts on Daily Performances, contendo questões sobre comer, falar, higiene bucal, relaxamento, prática esportiva, sorriso, estudo ou trabalho, contato social e sono. O Oral Impacts on Daily Performances foi dicotomizado em com e sem impacto. As variáveis independentes foram as sociodemográficas, clínicas e de acesso, divididas em três blocos. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada considerando o plano amostral complexo de conglomerados. Cada observação recebeu um peso específico, dependendo da localização que resultou em frequências ponderadas e ajustadas para o efeito do delineamento. RESULTADOS: A presença de impacto da saúde bucal foi constatada em 27,9% dos indivíduos. No bloco 1, o sexo feminino e o grupo étnico preto/pardo tiveram maior chance de impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida, bem como os adultos e idosos em relação aos adolescentes. No bloco 2, a renda familiar até R$1.500 teve associação com a presença de impacto. No bloco 3, os indivíduos que relataram dor de dente, frequentaram o serviço público e procuraram tratamento odontológico tiveram maior chance de impacto. CONCLUSÕES: As variáveis sociodemográficas, clínica e de acesso ao serviço de saúde influenciam o impacto da saúde bucal nas atividades diárias de adolescentes, adultos e idosos.